Le présent rapport a été initié dans l’optique de produire des analyses sur les avancées et les éventuels reculs de la démocratie locale et de la décentralisation dans l’espace de l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA), anticiper les évolutions possibles, analyser les obstacles rencontrés et les solutions pour y faire face. Sa réalisation s’appuie d’abord sur les rapports GOLD produits par CGLU, notamment les chapitres Afrique du rapport Gold I (2008) qui fait un point global sur l’état de la décentralisation sous différents angles et du rapport Gold II (2010) qui met l’accent sur la question du financement des collectivités territoriales. Il reprend aussi divers travaux et réflexions d’institutions et d’acteurs de la décentralisation et de la gouvernance locale en Afrique. Il est structuré autour de quatre points : i) l’introduction qui présente le contexte général d’évolution de la décentralisation dans l’espace UEMOA, ii) l’évolution des collectivités locales et leur articulation avec les structures de l’État, iii) la gestion financière des collectivités locales et les différentes responsabilités et compétences, iv) et la démocratie locale.
Décentralisation et la démocratie locale dans les pays de l’espace UEMOA
Chapter 4. Commoning
#01 "Participatory neighborhood improvement programs: a way par excellence to promote greater urban and territorial equity from the bottom. Zooming onto Latin-American inspirational experience", by IRD #02 "Experiences in informal settlement upgrading: Zimbabwe & Namibia", by SDI #03 "Slum Upgrading in Latin America", by GPR2C #04 "Una lucha por el hábitat, la dignidad y la igualdad", by Madre Tierra, FOTIVBA, HIC #05 "Low-income housing finance from commercial banks in Nepal", by ACHR #06 "Developing pathways to urban sanitation equality – a case study of the simplified sewerage solution in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania", by CCI #07 "Cities for the Right to Housing: The role of rights-inspired local action in addressing the housing crisis in the COVID-19 era", by UCLG CSIPDHR #08 "The Community Land Trusts movement in Europe: implementing public-civic partnerships in the production of affordable housing", by FMDV #09 "Formalising land tenure without displacement: the Community Land Trust in informal urban contexts", by urbaMonde, CoHabitat Network #10 "The Right to Remain in Place", by GPR2C #11 "Commoning for land and housing in Yangon", by ACHR #12 "Urban commons and urban commoning: political-legal practices from Naples, Bologna, and Turin", by the University of Salerno - Department of Political Science and Communication #13 "Cultural Occupations: Common Spaces. A report on the Occupation Bloc’s construction within the Municipal Secretariat of Culture in São Paulo", by São Paulo's Cultural Movement of the Peripheries, Occupations' Bloc
Chapter 5. Caring
#14 "Reinventing and expanding social assistance to vulnerable groups in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis", by UCLG CSIPDHR #15 "Local governments’ caring for the youth: Protecting the rights of the child in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic", by UCLG CSIPDHR #16 "Missing Pieces: Three Metropolis Break Down Barriers for Everyone", by World Enabled #17 "Construyendo ciudades feministas: experiencias y acciones por el derecho de las mujeres a la ciudad y a territorios libres de violencias", by CISCSA Ciudades Feministas, HIC #18 "Community-led Housing: a driver of social inclusion for vulnerable urban populations", by CoHabitat Network #19 "Los retos del envejecimiento y la configuración de ciudades inclusivas: El caso habanero", by CUJAE #20 "Local governments’ shifting approaches to urban security: The role of care in advancing peace culture and social justice", by UCLG CSIPDHR #21 "Thailand Homeless Network", by ACHR #22 "Ollas comunes en Lima, Perú: Combatiendo el hambre", by Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, CENCA #23 "Access to Technology and Services across the EU Regional Divide", by Philip McCann #24 "Migration Experiences in China and other Asian countries", by GPR2C #25 "Public Space Trading Innovations in Delhi, India and Durban, South Africa", by WIEGO, Asiye eTafuleni
Chapter 6. Connecting
#26 "Social and territorial connectivity. Towards a paradigm shift in mobility and accessibility for gender equality", by Zaida Muxí, Daniela Arias #27 "“Smart Cities” for Whom? Addressing Digital Connectivity in India", by HLRN, HIC #28 "Transport as a means of inclusion", by UCLG GOLD #29 "Active Mobility and Public Spaces", by GP2RC #30 "Transport and Inequality in Freetown", by SLURC #31 "Digital Villages: Guaranteeing digital connectivity in peripheral areas", by UCLG Digital Cities #32 "Civic urban media: Creating and sharing bottom-up knowledge on cities to shape urban policies", by Co-Habitat Network, SDI #33 "Digital connectivity and the COVID-19 “forced experiment”", by Connected Cities Lab, University of Melbourne #34 "Challenges and opportunities of regional connectivity and local accessibility in intermediary cities in the Global North and South", by UNESCO Chair in Intermediary Cities
Chapter 7. Renaturing
#35 "Cities and Regions Race to Zero – Local decarbonization pathways", by UCLG Ecological Transition #36 "Energy Transition of Chefchaouen city", by Hajar Khamlichi, Karim Elgendy #37 "Community based Production of Waste-Based Energy, Kampala, Uganda", by The Urban Action Lab, Makerere University #38 "Building Resilience in Times of Crisis: The Waste & Citizenship Forum in Belo Horizonte, Brazil", by WIEGO #39 "Fighting climate change in cities: urban agriculture, green AND affordable homes and neighbourhoods", by urbaMonde, CoHabitat Network #40 "Reviving Urban Agriculture", by HLRN, HIC #41 "Building Resilience with Nature: Restoring ecosystems and communities through public policies", by UCLG Learning #42 "Partnership for Resilient Citywide Slum Upgrading, Cape Town, South Africa", by Slum Dwellers International (SDI) #43 "Caiçaras, Artisanal Fishermen, and Guarani M’byá’s territories between Protected Areas and Paranagua’s Port", by Karina Coelho
Chapter 8. Prospering
#44 "The case of female workers in India’s construction sector", by IIHS #45 "Agenda to boost local jobs and livelihood opportunities", by UCLG GOLD #46 "Inclusive local public procurement", by UCLG GOLD #47 "Our Savings, Our Strength: The Power of Women Led Savings in Slum Communities", by SDI #48 "Social, solidarity, and circular economy to build alternative economic paths", by UCLG Commission on LED #49 "Inclusive Economy and Food Security", by GPR2C #50 "More than housing: multiple use cooperatives for the transition towards sustainable neighbourhoods and cities", by Co-Habitat Network #51 "The development of Vienna’s approach towards a fair sharing economy", by UCLG Digital Cities #52 "Regional economic development to promote endogenous dynamics and territorial solidarity", by Thomas Forster, Florence Egal, Camilo Romero #53 "Linking tourism, livelihood improvement, heritage and conservation through community-based tourism in Da Nang, Vietnam", by ACHR, Da Nang Architecture University #54 "The role of creative and tourism economies in tackling/reproducing urban and regional inequalities", by UCLG Committee on Culture
Chapter 9. Democratizing
#55 "Local institutions for civic participation, participatory budgeting and planning, inclusion of youth and migrants", by UCLG CSIPDHR #56 "Citizen Led Slum Upgrading: The Mukuru Special Planning Area", by SDI #57 "Participatory Planning: The role of Community and City Learning Platforms in Freetown", by SLURC #58 "Citywide and community-driven housing supported by the Baan Mankong program in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand", by ACHR #59 "From user knowledges to citizen expertise: democratizing urban renewal and new construction of social housing projects", by urbaMonde, CoHabitat Network #60 "Transparency and Human Rights – Cooperation, partnerships and human rights", by The Raoul Wallenberg Institute #61 "Democratic planning and urban governance, Brazil and Indonesia", by GPR2C #62 "Open governance for a more consensual and inclusive policy making", by UCLG Digital Cities #63 "Urban development and participatory governance: Learnings from the co-creation of street vending ordinance 1787 in Lima", by WIEGO #64 "Localizing Participatory Democracy and Human Rights in the Middle East", by HIC, HLRN #65 "Governance and Democratisation of Urban-Rural Linkages", by Philip McCann #66 "Democratisation of Metropolitan Governance. Participation, training, efficiency and transparency to promote social and territorial equity", by Zulma Bolívar